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Use of English

Level C1

Part 3 - Word Formation

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For Questions 1-8, read the text below and use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.

Moving Cities

The history of public transport is closely linked to the rapid (0) URBANISATION of modern societies. As cities expanded during the nineteenth century, the (1) .......... (GROW) demand for cheap and reliable travel forced local authorities to think more (2) .......... (CREATE) about how large numbers of people could move efficiently. Horse-drawn buses were gradually replaced by trams, whose (3) .......... (INTRODUCE) transformed daily life by making regular travel both faster and more affordable. Later, underground railways were seen as an (4) .......... (INNOVATE) response to overcrowded streets, especially in major capitals. Their success depended not only on engineering skill but also on public (5) .......... (ACCEPT), since many people were initially nervous about travelling below ground. In the twentieth century, further (6) .......... (DEVELOP) in electric and diesel technology improved reliability and reduced costs. Today, historians often stress the social (7) .......... (SIGNIFY) of these systems, arguing that they changed patterns of work, housing and leisure in ways that were once (8) .......... (IMAGINE).

What to do

For each gap you get one word in capitals which you have to change so the grammar and meaning fit in the sentence. Here you have to show how well you know word families and if you can change words by using prefixes and suffixes.

You need to read the whole text to get the writer’s opinion on the topic. That’s because sometimes a negative prefix will be required. There is usually at least one word requiring a negative prefix, so look out for these.

In the exam always write something. You never know, you might be lucky even if you are not sure of the answer!

Strategy

  1. Read the title and the whole text so that you understand what it is about.
  2. Look at each sentence in detail.
  3. Think about what kind of word you need and whether you need a negative prefix or a suffix.
  4. Read the sentence again to check whether you need a plural form.
  5. Check your spelling, as it must be correct.

Instructions

For Questions 1-8, read the text below and use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.

Exercise Details

Author

Bejenaru Alexandru

@bejenaru-alexandru

User Prompt

"Create an exercise about the history of public transport systems"

Tone: Standard
Level: C1

Created on:

May 14, 2026

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